Atrial fibrillation (AFib)

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Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common heart rhythm disorder characterized by irregular and often rapid heartbeats. It occurs when the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat chaotically and out of sync with the heart's lower chambers (ventricles). Here's a detailed overview of atrial fibrillation:

Causes and Risk Factors:
Age: The risk of AFib increases with age, particularly in individuals over 60 years old.
Heart Conditions: Structural heart diseases, such as coronary artery disease, heart valve disorders, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart defects, can predispose individuals to AFib.
High Blood Pressure: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for developing AFib.
Other Medical Conditions: Thyroid disorders, sleep apnea, obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with an increased risk of AFib.
Alcohol and Substance Abuse: Excessive alcohol consumption and stimulant drugs like cocaine can trigger AFib episodes.
Family History: Genetic factors may contribute to an individual's predisposition to AFib.
Other Factors: Acute illness, surgery, stress, and certain medications can also trigger AFib.

Types of Atrial Fibrillation:
Paroxysmal AFib: Episodes of AFib that start suddenly and stop spontaneously within seven days.
Persistent AFib: AFib episodes that last longer than seven days and require intervention (medication or electrical cardioversion) to restore normal heart rhythm.
Long-standing Persistent AFib: Continuous AFib lasting longer than one year.
Permanent AFib: Continuous AFib in which attempts to restore normal sinus rhythm have been unsuccessful or are not pursued.

Signs and Symptoms:
Palpitations: Sensation of rapid, irre..