In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, thousands of white people were shipped to America as slaves. Urchins were swept up from London’s streets to labor in the tobacco fields, where life expectancy was no more than two years. The story of the Irish Slavery in the Americas has been submerged under the memory of black slavery.
REFERENCES FOR FUTURE STUDY
1. Aubrey Gwynn, S.J., Documents relating to Irish in the West, Indies — Analecta HibernicaPage:153, Note:1
3. Edward O’Meagher Condon, The Irish Race in America, New York, A.E. and R.E. Ford, 1887 Page:15 41 38,9, Note:3 21 37
4 Arthur Percoval Newton, The European Nations in the West Indies, 1493-1688, London, J. Dickens & Co, Reprint 1967 Page:163
5 Richard S. Dunn, Sugar and Slaves, Chapel Hill, NC, U of NC Press, 1972, Page:56, 122, 130 ? 133 160, Note:5 13 24 25, Page:327 ? 131 141, Note:29 30 32 34
Maurice Lenihan, History of Limerick, Cork, Mercier, Page:668, 9 669, Note: 6, 26
John P. Prendergast, The Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland, Dublin, ?, 1865 Note:9 17
Sir William Petty, Political Anatomy of Ireland, London, ?, 1719, Page:19, Note:7
John Thurloe, Letter of Henry Cromwell, 4th Thurloe’s State Papers, London, 1742, Note:8
Thomas Addis Emmet, Ireland Under English Rule, NY & London, Putnam, 1903, Page:101, vol I 101, vol I 211,2, Note:12 19 28
Joseph J. Williams, Whence the “Black Irish” of Jamaica, NY, Dial, MCMXXXII, Page:17 17, Note:10 11,
Anthony Broudine, Propuguaculum, Pragae Anno, 1669, Note:18
Dr. John Lingard, History of England, Edinburgh, ? ,1902 Page:336, vol X, Note:20
Abbot E. Smith, Colonists in Bondage, 1607-1776, Glouster, Mass, 1965 Page:164 165 334 209 336, Note:2 16 23 27 36
C. S. S. Higham, The Development of the Leeward Islands Under the Restoration, 1660-1688, London, Cambridge, 1921, Page:4 47, Note:14 22
Richard Ligon, A True and Exact History of Barbadoes, London, Cass, 1657, reprinted 1976, Page:44, Note:31
Eric Williams, From Columbus to Castro, 1492-1969, New York, Harper and Roe, 1971, Page:101, Note:15
Wesley Frank Craven, The Colonies in Transition, 1660-1713, New York, Harper and Roe, 1968, Page:55 58, Note:33 35
The original source of this article is Political Education Committee (PEC), American Ireland Education Foundation
Copyright © Robert E. West, Political Education Committee (PEC), American Ireland Education Foundation, 2019
This video may contain copyrighted material, the use of which may or may not have been authorized by the copyright holders. The material is made available on this channel for purposes that include research, criticism, news reporting and teaching. 17 U.S. Code § 512 (f) provides penalties for the deliberate misrepresentation of copyright infringement. The owner(s) author(s) personalities(s) of this video believe in good faith that the use of such materials herein constitutes Fair Use as per 17 U.S. Code § 107. Persons/agencies filing a false or frivolous DMCA complaint will be subject to civil liability.
